Hearings can be in person or by video call (virtual). You’ll be told in advance what type of hearing you will have when you are given details of the time and date. Tribunal cases are more likely to be virtual than court cases.
Support at the hearing
McKenzie friends
A McKenzie friend is someone that can sit with you in court or tribunal and give you support. They can take notes, help you organise papers and remind you of points you want to make. They cannot usually speak for you unless the judge or tribunal gives permission.
You could use a friend or family member, a volunteer, or someone that you pay.
AdviceNow has more information on McKenzie friends
Intermediaries
An intermediary can help if you find it hard to understand questions or explain yourself. They can support communication during a hearing, for example by helping questions be put in a clearer way. They do not give legal advice or argue your case for you.
Intermediaries for Justice offers a service to help find an intermediary
How hearings are structured
Tribunal hearings are usually less formal than court hearings, but they still follow a clear process. The tribunal may ask questions, look at evidence and hear from both sides before making a decision.
Court hearings are usually more formal than a tribunal. You may need to follow set rules about when to speak, how to address the judge and how to present evidence. A court will usually hear from each side before making an order or decision.
Find out more:
How to behave in a tribunal or courtroom
Be polite, listen carefully and do not interrupt. Speak clearly and keep to the main points.
If you do not understand something, ask the judge or tribunal member to explain it.
- Last updated:
- 21 September 2026
- Next review:
- 21 September 2028
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